Modified Dynamical Supergravity Breaking and Off-Diagonal Super-Higgs Effects

We argue that generic off-diagonal vacuum and nonvacuum solutions for Einstein manifolds mimic physical effects in modified gravity theories (MGTs) and encode certain models of the $f(R,T,...)$, Ho\v{r}ava type with dynamical Lorentz symmetry breaking, induced effective mass for the graviton etc. Our main goal is to investigate the dynamical breaking of local supersymmetry determined by off-diagonal solutions in MGTs and encoded as effective Einstein spaces. This includes the Deser-Zumino super-Higgs effect, for instance, for a one-loop potential in a (simple but representative) model of $\mathcal{N}=1, D=4$ supergravity. We develop and apply new geometrical techniques which allows us to decouple the gravitational field equations and integrate them in a very general form with the metric and vielbein fields depending on all the spacetime coordinates via means of various generating and integration functions and parameters. We study how solutions in MGTs may be related to the dynamical generation of a gravitino mass and supersymmetry breaking.Comment: latex2e, 33 pages, with table of content; v3 accepted to Class. Quant. Gravit

Off-Diagonal Deformations of Kerr Black Holes in Einstein and Modified Massive Gravity and Higher Dimensions

We find general parameterizations for generic off-diagonal spacetime metrics and matter sources in general relativity (GR) and modified gravity theories when the field equations decouple with respect to certain types of nonholonomic frames of reference. This allows us to construct various classes of exact solutions when the coefficients of the fundamental geometric/ physical objects depend on all spacetime coordinates via corresponding classes of generating and integration functions and/or constants. Such (modified) spacetimes display Killing and non-Killing symmetries, describe nonlinear vacuum configurations and effective polarizations of cosmological and interaction constants. Our method can be extended to higher dimensions which simplifies some proofs for embedded and nonholonomically constrained four-dimensional configurations. We reproduce the Kerr solution and show how to deform it nonholonomically into new classes of generic off-diagonal solutions depending on 3-8 spacetime coordinates. Certain examples of exact solutions are analyzed and that are determined by contributions of new type of interactions with sources in massive gravity and/or modified f(R,T) gravity. We conclude that by considering generic off-diagonal nonlinear parametric interactions in GR it is possible to mimic various effects in massive and/or modified gravity, or to distinguish certain classes of "generic" modified gravity solutions which cannot be encoded in GR.Comment: latex 2e, 11pt, 35 pages with table of content; version 2 modified following Editor's requests and accepted to EPJ

Off-diagonal wormhole and black hole deformations and dark energy in two measure/bi-metric modified gravity theories

We find general parameterizations for generic off-diagonal spacetime metrics and matter sources in general relativity (GR) and two measure/bi-metric modified gravity theories, MGTs, when the field equations decouple with respect to nonholonomic frames of reference. This allows us to construct various classes of exact solutions when the coefficients of the fundamental geometric/physical objects depend on all spacetime coordinates via corresponding classes of generating and integration functions and/or constants. Such (modified) spacetimes display Killing and non-Killing symmetries, describe nonlinear vacuum configurations and effective polarizations of cosmological and interaction constants. Certain examples of exact locally anisotropic wormhole and generic off-diagonal cosmological solutions are analysed for MGTs of massive and/or modified f(R,T) gravity, two measure theory etc. We conclude that considering generic off-diagonal nonlinear parametric interactions in GR it is possible to mimic various effects in massive and/or modified gravity, or to distinguish certain classes of generic modified gravity solutions which cannot be encoded in GR

Nonholonomic ricci flows and Finsler-Lagrange f(R,F,L)-modified gravity and dark matter effects

We review the theory of geometric flows on nonholonomic manifolds and tangent bundles and self-similar configurations resulting in generalized Ricci solitons and Einstein-Finsler equations. There are provided new classes of exact solutions on Finsler-Lagrange f(R,F,L)-modifications of general relativity and discussed possible implications in acceleration cosmology

Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease in the EUSTAR database: analysis by region

Objectives: The prevalence and characteristics of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) vary between geographical regions worldwide. The objectives of this study were to explore the differences in terms of prevalence, phenotype, treatment, and prognosis in patients with SSc-ILD from predetermined geographical regions in the EUSTAR database. Methods: Patients were clustered into seven geographical regions. Clinical characteristics and survival of patients with SSc-ILD were compared among these pre-determined regions. Results: For baseline analyses, 9260 SSc patients were included, with 6732 for survival analyses. The prevalence of SSc-ILD in the overall population was 50.2%, ranging from 44.0% in "Western Europe & Nordic countries" to 67.5% in "Eastern European, Russia & Baltic countries". In all regions, anti-topoisomerase antibodies were associated with SSc-ILD. Management also significantly differed; mycophenolate mofetil was prescribed at baseline in 31.6% of patients with SSc-ILD in "America (North & South)" and 31.7% in "Middle East" but only 4.3% in "Asia & Oceania" (P < 0.0001). Patients from "America (North & South)" and "Middle East" had the highest survival rate at the end of follow-up (85.8% and 85.2%, respectively). Conclusion: Our study highlights key differences among regions in terms of clinical presentation and prognosis of SSc-ILD. This work also demonstrates that the management of SSc-ILD is highly variable among the different regions considered, suggesting that efforts are still needed for the standardisation of medical practice in the treatment of this disease. Keywords: Interstitial lung disease; autoantibodies; lung fibrosis; scleroderma; systemic sclerosis

Cutaneous Manifestations, Clinical Characteristics, and Prognosis of Patients With Systemic Sclerosis Sine Scleroderma: Data From the International EUSTAR Database

Importance Systemic sclerosis (SSc) sine scleroderma (ssSSc) is a subset of SSc defined by the absence of skin fibrosis. Little is known about the natural history and skin manifestations among patients with ssSSc. Objective To characterize the clinical phenotype of patients with ssSSc compared with patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) within the EUSTAR database. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal observational cohort study based on the international EUSTAR database included all patients fulfilling the classification criteria for SSc assessed by the modified Rodnan Skin score (mRSS) at inclusion and with at least 1 follow-up visit; ssSSc was defined by the absence of skin fibrosis (mRSS = 0 and no sclerodactyly) at all available visits. Data extraction was performed in November 2020, and data analysis was performed from April 2021 to April 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes were survival and skin manifestations (onset of skin fibrosis, digital ulcers, telangiectasias, puffy fingers). Results Among the 4263 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 376 (8.8%) were classified as having ssSSc (mean [SD] age, 55.3 [13.9] years; 345 [91.8%] were female). At last available visit, in comparison with 708 patients with lcSSc and 708 patients with dcSSc with the same disease duration, patients with ssSSc had a lower prevalence of previous or current digital ulcers (28.2% vs 53.1% in lcSSc; P < .001; and 68.3% in dcSSc; P < .001) and puffy fingers (63.8% vs 82.4% in lcSSc; P < .001; and 87.6% in dcSSc; P < .001). By contrast, the prevalence of interstitial lung disease was similar in ssSSc and lcSSc (49.8% and 57.1%; P = .03) but significantly higher in dcSSc (75.0%; P < .001). Skin telangiectasias were associated with diastolic dysfunction in patients with ssSSc (odds ratio, 4.778; 95% CI, 2.060-11.081; P < .001). The only independent factor for the onset of skin fibrosis in ssSSc was the positivity for anti–Scl-70 antibodies (odds ratio, 3.078; 95% CI, 1.227-7.725; P = .02). Survival rate was higher in patients with ssSSc (92.4%) compared with lcSSc (69.4%; P = .06) and dcSSc (55.5%; P < .001) after up to 15 years of follow-up. Conclusions and Relevance Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma should not be neglected considering the high prevalence of interstitial lung disease (>40%) and SSc renal crisis (almost 3%). Patients with ssSSc had a higher survival than other subsets. Dermatologists should be aware that cutaneous findings in this subgroup may be associated with internal organ dysfunction. In particular, skin telangiectasias in ssSSc were associated with diastolic heart dysfunction